胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子(IGFs)是一類既具有促進(jìn)細(xì)胞分化和增殖,又具有胰島素樣作用的多肽,它們可以作為一種激素發(fā)揮全身性的影響,也可以作為自分泌/旁分泌因子在局部產(chǎn)生作用。IGFs通過其配體與細(xì)胞表面的受體結(jié)合發(fā)揮作用,當(dāng)受體被激活后,它觸發(fā)酪氨酸蛋白激酶激活從而開始一系列級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng),最終在不同的細(xì)胞類型出現(xiàn)不同的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。線性生長(zhǎng)是指身長(zhǎng)/身高的生長(zhǎng),由基因、環(huán)境、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、激素和許多生長(zhǎng)因子共同調(diào)節(jié)完成,環(huán)境、營(yíng)養(yǎng)等宏觀因素對(duì)它的影響通過影響一系列促生長(zhǎng)激素、生長(zhǎng)因子等微觀因素的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)。線性生長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過程,在這個(gè)過程中IGFs系統(tǒng)起著重要作用。
轉(zhuǎn)貼于2.6 IGFII/M6PR
IGFII/M6PR在維持正常線性生長(zhǎng)中有作用。IGFII/M6PR主要是一種清除受體,與IGFII結(jié)合后降低循環(huán)中IGFII的水平,從而維持血中IGFII的正常需要量[8]。如IGFII/M6PR基因敲除鼠出現(xiàn)胎兒“過生長(zhǎng)”(Overgrowth),出生體重為正常鼠的135%。其機(jī)制是IGFII/M6PR基因缺失影響了血中IGFII的清除率,IGFII水平升高而出現(xiàn)“過生長(zhǎng)”[6]。
IGFII/M6PR在維持正常線性生長(zhǎng)中有作用。IGFII/M6PR主要是一種清除受體,與IGFII結(jié)合后降低IGFII/M6PR在維持正常線性生長(zhǎng)中有作用。IGFII/M6PR主要是一種清除受體,與IGFII結(jié)合后降低循環(huán)中IGFII的水平,從而維持血中IGFII的正常需要量[8]。如IGFII/M6PR基因敲除鼠出現(xiàn)胎兒“過生長(zhǎng)”(Overgrowth),出生體重為正常鼠的135%。其機(jī)制是IGFII/M6PR基因缺失影響了血中IGFII的清除率,IGFII水平升高而出現(xiàn)“過生長(zhǎng)”[6]。
2.7 IGFBPs
IGFBPs主要在肝產(chǎn)生,起調(diào)節(jié)IGFs生物利用度的作用。所以他們也參與線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如IGFBP1在胎兒生長(zhǎng)中起抑制作用,在IUGR(宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)遲緩)新生兒的血中IGFBP1明顯升高[12];在IGFBP1基因過表達(dá)鼠,其出生體重下降[21];具體機(jī)制還不清楚,可能是高水平的IGFBP1使生物池中可用的IGFI的量減少所導(dǎo)致[22]。IGFBP2在體內(nèi)通過內(nèi)分泌或自分泌抑制IGFI的代謝作用,減少出生后體重的增長(zhǎng),在IGFI基因過表達(dá)鼠體重增加約20%,而IGFBP2基因過表達(dá)鼠生后體重明顯減少[23];IGFBP2與出生體重、身長(zhǎng)負(fù)相關(guān)[13]。IGFBP3在生長(zhǎng)中起促進(jìn)作用,有實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道IGFBP3與出生體重正相關(guān);在生后,IGFBP3同樣促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。這可能是由于IGFBP3是血循環(huán)中IGFI最主要的載體蛋白,在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)IGFI、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、調(diào)節(jié)IGFI與受體作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,即IGFBP3的促生長(zhǎng)作用是通過影響IGFI的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)[24]。IGFBP4是IGFBPs中分子量最小的,是一細(xì)胞增殖抑制因子。它結(jié)合IGFI和IGFII的方式相似,通過抑制他們的生物學(xué)作用來抑制生長(zhǎng)[25]。IGFBP5是最保守的,在各物種間變化不大,除了影響IGFI和IGFII的作用外,還具能獨(dú)立促進(jìn)骨的生長(zhǎng)[26]。IGFBP6已被證明抑制多種細(xì)胞的增殖,在IGFBP6轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠,出生體重明顯降低;IGFBP6與IGFII親和力最強(qiáng),可能是通過影響IGFII的生物利用度來抑制生長(zhǎng)[27]。
總之,IGFs系統(tǒng)的各成分都參與了線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。在這個(gè)過程中,它們各自獨(dú)立或互相依賴或影響其他生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)因子作用,但具體機(jī)制還不太清楚。隨著分子生物學(xué)水平研究的深入,IGFs系統(tǒng)在線性生長(zhǎng)中的確切作用機(jī)制將明確,這無論對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究還是臨床應(yīng)用都有重要意義。
循環(huán)中IGFII的水平,從而維持血中IGFII的正常需要量[8]。如IGFII/M6PR基因敲除鼠出現(xiàn)胎兒“過生長(zhǎng)”(Overgrowth),出生體重為正常鼠的135%。其機(jī)制是IGFII/M6PR基因缺失影響了血中IGFII的清除率,IGFII水平升高而出現(xiàn)“過生長(zhǎng)”[6]。
2.7 IGFBPs
IGFBPs主要在肝產(chǎn)生,起調(diào)節(jié)IGFs生物利用度的作用。所以他們也參與線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如IGFBP1在胎兒生長(zhǎng)中起抑制作用,在IUGR(宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)遲緩)新生兒的血中IGFBP1明顯升高[12];在IGFBP1基因過表達(dá)鼠,其出生體重下降[21];具體機(jī)制還不清楚,可能是高水平的IGFBP1使生物池中可用的IGFI的量減少所導(dǎo)致[22]。IGFBP2在體內(nèi)通過內(nèi)分泌或自分泌抑制IGFI的代謝作用,減少出生后體重的增長(zhǎng),在IGFI基因過表達(dá)鼠體重增加約20%,而IGFBP2基因過表達(dá)鼠生后體重明顯減少[23];IGFBP2與出生體重、身長(zhǎng)負(fù)相關(guān)[13]。IGFBP3在生長(zhǎng)中起促進(jìn)作用,有實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道IGFBP3與出生體重正相關(guān);在生后,IGFBP3同樣促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。這可能是由于IGFBP3是血循環(huán)中IGFI最主要的載體蛋白,在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)IGFI、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、調(diào)節(jié)IGFI與受體作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,即IGFBP3的促生長(zhǎng)作用是通過影響IGFI的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)[24]。IGFBP4是IGFBPs中分子量最小的,是一細(xì)胞增殖抑制因子。它結(jié)合IGFI和IGFII的方式相似,通過抑制他們的生物學(xué)作用來抑制生長(zhǎng)[25]。IGFBP5是最保守的,在各物種間變化不大,除了影響IGFI和IGFII的作用外,還具能獨(dú)立促進(jìn)骨的生長(zhǎng)[26]。IGFBP6已被證明抑制多種細(xì)胞的增殖,在IGFBP6轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠,出生體重明顯降低;IGFBP6與IGFII親和力最強(qiáng),可能是通過影響IGFII的生物利用度來抑制生長(zhǎng)[27]。
總之,IGFs系統(tǒng)的各成分都參與了線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。在這個(gè)過程中,它們各自獨(dú)立或互相依賴或影響其他生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)因子作用,但具體機(jī)制還不太清楚。隨著分子生物學(xué)水平研究的深入,IGFs系統(tǒng)在線性生長(zhǎng)中的確切作用機(jī)制將明確,這無論對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究還是臨床應(yīng)用都有重要意義。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】 IGFII/M6PR在維持正常線性生長(zhǎng)中有作用。IGFII/M6PR主要是一種清除受體,與IGFII結(jié)合后降低循環(huán)中IGFII的水平,從而維持血中IGFII的正常需要量[8]。如IGFII/M6PR基因敲除鼠出現(xiàn)胎兒“過生長(zhǎng)”(Overgrowth),出生體重為正常鼠的135%。其機(jī)制是IGFII/M6PR基因缺失影響了血中IGFII的清除率,IGFII水平升高而出現(xiàn)“過生長(zhǎng)”[6]。
2.7 IGFBPs
IGFBPs主要在肝產(chǎn)生,起調(diào)節(jié)IGFs生物利用度的作用。所以他們也參與線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如IGFBP1在胎兒生長(zhǎng)中起抑制作用,在IUGR(宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)遲緩)新生兒的血中IGFBP1明顯升高[12];在IGFBP1基因過表達(dá)鼠,其出生體重下降[21];具體機(jī)制還不清楚,可能是高水平的IGFBP1使生物池中可用的IGFI的量減少所導(dǎo)致[22]。IGFBP2在體內(nèi)通過內(nèi)分泌或自分泌抑制IGFI的代謝作用,減少出生后體重的增長(zhǎng),在IGFI基因過表達(dá)鼠體重增加約20%,而IGFBP2基因過表達(dá)鼠生后體重明顯減少[23];IGFBP2與出生體重、身長(zhǎng)負(fù)相關(guān)[13]。IGFBP3在生長(zhǎng)中起促進(jìn)作用,有實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道IGFBP3與出生體重正相關(guān);在生后,IGFBP3同樣促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。這可能是由于IGFBP3是血循環(huán)中IGFI最主要的載體蛋白,在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)IGFI、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、調(diào)節(jié)IGFI與受體作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,即IGFBP3的促生長(zhǎng)作用是通過影響IGFI的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)[24]。IGFBP4是IGFBPs中分子量最小的,是一細(xì)胞增殖抑制因子。它結(jié)合IGFI和IGFII的方式相似,通過抑制他們的生物學(xué)作用來抑制生長(zhǎng)[25]。IGFBP5是最保守的,在各物種間變化不大,除了影響IGFI和IGFII的作用外,還具能獨(dú)立促進(jìn)骨的生長(zhǎng)[26]。IGFBP6已被證明抑制多種細(xì)胞的增殖,在IGFBP6轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠,出生體重明顯降低;IGFBP6與IGFII親和力最強(qiáng),可能是通過影響IGFII的生物利用度來抑制生長(zhǎng)[27]。
總之,IGFs系統(tǒng)的各成分都參與了線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。在這個(gè)過程中,它們各自獨(dú)立或互相依賴或影響其他生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)因子作用,但具體機(jī)制還不太清楚。隨著分子生物學(xué)水平研究的深入,IGFs系統(tǒng)在線性生長(zhǎng)中的確切作用機(jī)制將明確,這無論對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究還是臨床應(yīng)用都有重要意義。
【】
2.2.6 IGFII/M6PR
IGFII/M6PR在維持正常線性生長(zhǎng)中有作用。IGFII/M6PR主要是一種清除受體,與IGFII結(jié)合后降低循環(huán)中IGFII的水平,從而維持血中IGFII的正常需要量[8]。如IGFII/M6PR基因敲除鼠出現(xiàn)胎兒“過生長(zhǎng)”(Overgrowth),出生體重為正常鼠的135%。其機(jī)制是IGFII/M6PR基因缺失影響了血中IGFII的清除率,IGFII水平升高而出現(xiàn)“過生長(zhǎng)”[6]。
2.7 IGFBPs
IGFBPs主要在肝產(chǎn)生,起調(diào)節(jié)IGFs生物利用度的作用。所以他們也參與線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如IGFBP1在胎兒生長(zhǎng)中起抑制作用,在IUGR(宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)遲緩)新生兒的血中IGFBP1明顯升高[12];在IGFBP1基因過表達(dá)鼠,其出生體重下降[21];具體機(jī)制還不清楚,可能是高水平的IGFBP1使生物池中可用的IGFI的量減少所導(dǎo)致[22]。IGFBP2在體內(nèi)通過內(nèi)分泌或自分泌抑制IGFI的代謝作用,減少出生后體重的增長(zhǎng),在IGFI基因過表達(dá)鼠體重增加約20%,而IGFBP2基因過表達(dá)鼠生后體重明顯減少[23];IGFBP2與出生體重、身長(zhǎng)負(fù)相關(guān)[13]。IGFBP3在生長(zhǎng)中起促進(jìn)作用,有實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道IGFBP3與出生體重正相關(guān);在生后,IGFBP3同樣促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。這可能是由于IGFBP3是血循環(huán)中IGFI最主要的載體蛋白,在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)IGFI、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、調(diào)節(jié)IGFI與受體作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,即IGFBP3的促生長(zhǎng)作用是通過影響IGFI的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)[24]。IGFBP4是IGFBPs中分子量最小的,是一細(xì)胞增殖抑制因子。它結(jié)合IGFI和IGFII的方式相似,通過抑制他們的生物學(xué)作用來抑制生長(zhǎng)[25]。IGFBP5是最保守的,在各物種間變化不大,除了影響IGFI和IGFII的作用外,還具能獨(dú)立促進(jìn)骨的生長(zhǎng)[26]。IGFBP6已被證明抑制多種細(xì)胞的增殖,在IGFBP6轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠,出生體重明顯降低;IGFBP6與IGFII親和力最強(qiáng),可能是通過影響IGFII的生物利用度來抑制生長(zhǎng)[27]。
總之,IGFs系統(tǒng)的各成分都參與了線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。在這個(gè)過程中,它們各自獨(dú)立或互相依賴或影響其他生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)因子作用,但具體機(jī)制還不太清楚。隨著分子生物學(xué)水平研究的深入,IGFs系統(tǒng)在線性生長(zhǎng)中的確切作用機(jī)制將明確,這無論對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究還是臨床應(yīng)用都有重要意義。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
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?。?5] Zhou R, Diehl D, Hoeflich A, et al. IGFbinding protein4: biochemical characteristics and functional consequences [J]. J Endocrinol, 2003, 178(2): 177193.
[26] Miyakoshi N, Richman C, Kasukawa YJ, et al. Evidence that IGFbinding protein5 functions as a growth factor [J]. J Clin Invest, 2001, 107(1): 7381.
?。?7] Bienvenu G, Seurin D, Grellier P, et al. Insulinlike growth factor binding protein6 transgenic mice: postnatal growth, brain development, and reproduction abnormalities [J]. Endocrinology, 2004, 145(5): 24122420.
轉(zhuǎn)貼于 中國(guó)論文下載中心 http://www.7 IGFBPs
2.6 IGFII/M6PR
IGFII/M6PR在維持正常線性生長(zhǎng)中有作用。IGFII/M6PR主要是一種清除受體,與IGFII結(jié)合后降低循環(huán)中IGFII的水平,從而維持血中IGFII的正常需要量[8]。如IGFII/M6PR基因敲除鼠出現(xiàn)胎兒“過生長(zhǎng)”(Overgrowth),出生體重為正常鼠的135%。其機(jī)制是IGFII/M6PR基因缺失影響了血中IGFII的清除率,IGFII水平升高而出現(xiàn)“過生長(zhǎng)”[6]。
2.7 IGFBPs
IGFBPs主要在肝產(chǎn)生,起調(diào)節(jié)IGFs生物利用度的作用。所以他們也參與線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如IGFBP1在胎兒生長(zhǎng)中起抑制作用,在IUGR(宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)遲緩)新生兒的血中IGFBP1明顯升高[12];在IGFBP1基因過表達(dá)鼠,其出生體重下降[21];具體機(jī)制還不清楚,可能是高水平的IGFBP1使生物池中可用的IGFI的量減少所導(dǎo)致[22]。IGFBP2在體內(nèi)通過內(nèi)分泌或自分泌抑制IGFI的代謝作用,減少出生后體重的增長(zhǎng),在IGFI基因過表達(dá)鼠體重增加約20%,而IGFBP2基因過表達(dá)鼠生后體重明顯減少[23];IGFBP2與出生體重、身長(zhǎng)負(fù)相關(guān)[13]。IGFBP3在生長(zhǎng)中起促進(jìn)作用,有實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道IGFBP3與出生體重正相關(guān);在生后,IGFBP3同樣促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。這可能是由于IGFBP3是血循環(huán)中IGFI最主要的載體蛋白,在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)IGFI、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、調(diào)節(jié)IGFI與受體作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,即IGFBP3的促生長(zhǎng)作用是通過影響IGFI的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)[24]。IGFBP4是IGFBPs中分子量最小的,是一細(xì)胞增殖抑制因子。它結(jié)合IGFI和IGFII的方式相似,通過抑制他們的生物學(xué)作用來抑制生長(zhǎng)[25]。IGFBP5是最保守的,在各物種間變化不大,除了影響IGFI和IGFII的作用外,還具能獨(dú)立促進(jìn)骨的生長(zhǎng)[26]。IGFBP6已被證明抑制多種細(xì)胞的增殖,在IGFBP6轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠,出生體重明顯降低;IGFBP6與IGFII親和力最強(qiáng),可能是通過影響IGFII的生物利用度來抑制生長(zhǎng)[27]。
總之,IGFs系統(tǒng)的各成分都參與了線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。在這個(gè)過程中,它們各自獨(dú)立或互相依賴或影響其他生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)因子作用,但具體機(jī)制還不太清楚。隨著分子生物學(xué)水平研究的深入,IGFs系統(tǒng)在線性生長(zhǎng)中的確切作用機(jī)制將明確,這無論對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究還是臨床應(yīng)用都有重要意義。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
?。?] Laron Z. IGF1 and insulin as growth hormones [J]. Novartis Found Symp, 2004, 262: 5677.
[2] Drop SL, Schuller AG, LindenberghKortleve DJ, et al. Structural aspects of the IGFBP family [J]. Growth Regul, 1992, 2(2): 6979.
?。?] Phillip M, Moran O, Lazar L. Growth without growth hormone [J]. J Pediatr Endocr Met, 2002, 15(S5): 12671272.
?。?] Srinivasan S, Waters MJ, Rowland JE. Hypefinsulinism and overgrowth without obesity [J]. Arch Dis Child, 2003, 88(4): 332334.
?。?] 梁立陽(yáng), 杜敏聯(lián), 李燕虹, 等. 單純性肥胖兒童血清胰島素、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子1及其結(jié)合蛋白3與生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系[J]. 中山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)版), 2004, 25(S3): 131133.
[6] D’Ercole AJ. Mechanisms of in utero overgrowth [J]. Acta Paediatr, 1999, 88(428): 3136.
?。?] Verhaeghe J, Billen J, Giudice LC. Insulinlike growth factor binding protein1 in umbilical artery and vein of term fetuses with signs suggestive of distress during labor [J]. J Endocrinol, 2001, 170(3): 585590.
?。?] Gluckman PD, Pinal CS. Regulation of fetal growth by the somatotrophic axis [J]. J Nutr, 2003, 133(S5): 17411746.
?。?] Salmon WD Jr, Daughaday WH. A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro [J]. J Lab Clin Med, 1957, 49(6): 825836.
?。?0] Laron Z. Insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1): a growth hormone [J]. Mol Pathol, 2001, 54(5): 311316.
?。?1] Liu JP, Baker J, Perkins AS, et al. Mice carrying null mutations of the enes encoding insulinlike growth factor I (Igf1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r) [J]. Cell, 1993, 75(1): 5972.
?。?2] Verhaeghe J, Van Herck E, Billen J, et al. Regulation of insulinlike growth factorI and insulinlike growth factor binding protein1 concentrations in preterm fetuses [J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003, 188(2): 485491.
?。?3] Lo HC, Tsao LY, Hsu WY, et al. Relation of cord serum levels of growth hormone, insulinlike growth factors, insulinlike growth factor binding proteins, leptin, and interleukin6 with birth weight, birth length, and head circumference in term and preterm neonates [J]. Nutrition, 2002, 18(78): 604608.
?。?4] Lupu F, Terwilliger JD, Lee K, et al. A roles of growth hormone and insulinlike growth factor 1 in mouse postnatal growth [J]. Dev Biol, 2001, 229(1): 141162.
?。?5] Ohlsson C, Sjogren K, Jansson JO, et al. The relative importance of endocrine versus autocrine/paracrine insulinlike growth factorI in the regulation of body growth [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2000, 14(7): 541543.
?。?6] Wang J, Zhou J, Bondy CA. Igf1 promotes longitudinal bone growth by insulinlike actions augmenting chondrocyte hypertrophy [J]. FASEB J, 1999, 13(14): 19851990.
?。?7] Wallenius K, Sjogren K, Peng XD, et al. Liverderived IGFI regulates GH secretion at the pituitary level in mice [J]. Endocrinology, 2001, 142(11): 47624770.
?。?8] Robson H, Siebler T, Shalet SM, et al. Interactions between GH, IGFI, Glucocorticoids, and Thyroid Hormones during Skeletal Growth [J]. Pediatr Res, 2002, 52(2): 137147.
?。?9] Pantaleon M, Jericho H, Rabnott G, et al. The role of insulinlike growth factor II and its receptor in mouse preimplantation development [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2003, 15(12): 3745.
[20] Mohan S, Richman C, Guo R, et al. Insulinlike growth factor regulates peak bone mineral density in mice by both growth hormonedependent and independent mechanisms [J]. Endocrinology, 2003, 144(3): 929936.
?。?1] Sakai K, D’Ercole AJ, Murphy LJ, et al. Physiological differences in insulinlike growth factor binding protein1 (IGFBP1) phosphorylation in IGFBP1 transgenic mice [J]. Diabetes, 2001, 50(1): 3238.
[22] Frystyk J, Hojlund K, Nyborg Rasmussen KN, et al. Development and clinical evaluation of a novel immunoassay for the binary complex of IGFI and IGFbinding protein1 in human serum [J]. J Clin Endocri Met, 2002, 87(1): 260266.
?。?3] Hoeflich A, Wu M, Mohan S, et al. Overexpression of insulinlike growth factorbinding protein2 in transgenic mice reduces postnatal body weight gain [J]. Endocrinology, 1999, 140(12): 54885496.
?。?4] Yan X, Forbes BE, McNeil KA, et al. Role of N and Cterminal residues of insulinlike growth factor (IGF)binding protein3 in regulating IGF complex formation and receptor activation [J]. J Biol Chem, 2004, 17, 279(51): 5323253240.
?。?5] Zhou R, Diehl D, Hoeflich A, et al. IGFbinding protein4: biochemical characteristics and functional consequences [J]. J Endocrinol, 2003, 178(2): 177193.
?。?6] Miyakoshi N, Richman C, Kasukawa YJ, et al. Evidence that IGFbinding protein5 functions as a growth factor [J]. J Clin Invest, 2001, 107(1): 7381.
[27] Bienvenu G, Seurin D, Grellier P, et al. Insulinlike growth factor binding protein6 transgenic mice: postnatal growth, brain development, and reproduction abnormalities [J]. Endocrinology, 2004, 145(5): 24122420.
轉(zhuǎn)貼于 中國(guó)論文下載中心 http://www.
IGFBPs主要在肝產(chǎn)生,起調(diào)節(jié)IGFs生物利用度的作用。所以他們也參與線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如IGFBP1在胎兒生長(zhǎng)中起抑制作用,在IUGR(宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)遲緩)新生兒的血中IGFBP1明顯升高[12];在IGFBP1基因過表達(dá)鼠,其出生體重下降[21];具體機(jī)制還不清楚,可能是高水平的IGFBP1使生物池中可用的IGFI的量減少所導(dǎo)致[22]。IGFBP2在體內(nèi)通過內(nèi)分泌或自分泌抑制IGFI的代謝作用,減少出生后體重的增長(zhǎng),在IGFI基因過表達(dá)鼠體重增加約20%,而IGFBP2基因過表達(dá)鼠生后體重明顯減少[23];IGFBP2與出生體重、身長(zhǎng)負(fù)相關(guān)[13]。IGFBP3在生長(zhǎng)中起促進(jìn)作用,有實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道IGFBP3與出生體重正相關(guān);在生后,IGFBP3同樣促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。這可能是由于IGFBP3是血循環(huán)中IGFI最主要的載體蛋白,在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)IGFI、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、調(diào)節(jié)IGFI與受體作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,即IGFBP3的促生長(zhǎng)作用是通過影響IGFI的作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)[24]。IGFBP4是IGFBPs中分子量最小的,是一細(xì)胞增殖抑制因子。它結(jié)合IGFI和IGFII的方式相似,通過抑制他們的生物學(xué)作用來抑制生長(zhǎng)[25]。IGFBP5是最保守的,在各物種間變化不大,除了影響IGFI和IGFII的作用外,還具能獨(dú)立促進(jìn)骨的生長(zhǎng)[26]。IGFBP6已被證明抑制多種細(xì)胞的增殖,在IGFBP6轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠,出生體重明顯降低;IGFBP6與IGFII親和力最強(qiáng),可能是通過影響IGFII的生物利用度來抑制生長(zhǎng)[27]。
總之,IGFs系統(tǒng)的各成分都參與了線性生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)。在這個(gè)過程中,它們各自獨(dú)立或互相依賴或影響其他生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)因子作用,但具體機(jī)制還不太清楚。隨著分子生物學(xué)水平研究的深入,IGFs系統(tǒng)在線性生長(zhǎng)中的確切作用機(jī)制將明確,這無論對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究還是臨床應(yīng)用都有重要意義。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
?。?] Laron Z. IGF1 and insulin as growth hormones [J]. Novartis Found Symp, 2004, 262: 5677.
?。?] Drop SL, Schuller AG, LindenberghKortleve DJ, et al. Structural aspects of the IGFBP family [J]. Growth Regul, 1992, 2(2): 6979.
?。?] Phillip M, Moran O, Lazar L. Growth without growth hormone [J]. J Pediatr Endocr Met, 2002, 15(S5): 12671272.
?。?] Srinivasan S, Waters MJ, Rowland JE. Hypefinsulinism and overgrowth without obesity [J]. Arch Dis Child, 2003, 88(4): 332334.
?。?] 梁立陽(yáng), 杜敏聯(lián), 李燕虹, 等. 單純性肥胖兒童血清胰島素、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子1及其結(jié)合蛋白3與生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系[J]. 中山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)版), 2004, 25(S3): 131133.
[6] D’Ercole AJ. Mechanisms of in utero overgrowth [J]. Acta Paediatr, 1999, 88(428): 3136.
?。?] Verhaeghe J, Billen J, Giudice LC. Insulinlike growth factor binding protein1 in umbilical artery and vein of term fetuses with signs suggestive of distress during labor [J]. J Endocrinol, 2001, 170(3): 585590.
?。?] Gluckman PD, Pinal CS. Regulation of fetal growth by the somatotrophic axis [J]. J Nutr, 2003, 133(S5): 17411746.
?。?] Salmon WD Jr, Daughaday WH. A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro [J]. J Lab Clin Med, 1957, 49(6): 825836.
?。?0] Laron Z. Insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1): a growth hormone [J]. Mol Pathol, 2001, 54(5): 311316.
[11] Liu JP, Baker J, Perkins AS, et al. Mice carrying null mutations of the enes encoding insulinlike growth factor I (Igf1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r) [J]. Cell, 1993, 75(1): 5972.
?。?2] Verhaeghe J, Van Herck E, Billen J, et al. Regulation of insulinlike growth factorI and insulinlike growth factor binding protein1 concentrations in preterm fetuses [J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003, 188(2): 485491.
[13] Lo HC, Tsao LY, Hsu WY, et al. Relation of cord serum levels of growth hormone, insulinlike growth factors, insulinlike growth factor binding proteins, leptin, and interleukin6 with birth weight, birth length, and head circumference in term and preterm neonates [J]. Nutrition, 2002, 18(78): 604608.
?。?4] Lupu F, Terwilliger JD, Lee K, et al. A roles of growth hormone and insulinlike growth factor 1 in mouse postnatal growth [J]. Dev Biol, 2001, 229(1): 141162.
?。?5] Ohlsson C, Sjogren K, Jansson JO, et al. The relative importance of endocrine versus autocrine/paracrine insulinlike growth factorI in the regulation of body growth [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2000, 14(7): 541543.
?。?6] Wang J, Zhou J, Bondy CA. Igf1 promotes longitudinal bone growth by insulinlike actions augmenting chondrocyte hypertrophy [J]. FASEB J, 1999, 13(14): 19851990.
[17] Wallenius K, Sjogren K, Peng XD, et al. Liverderived IGFI regulates GH secretion at the pituitary level in mice [J]. Endocrinology, 2001, 142(11): 47624770.
?。?8] Robson H, Siebler T, Shalet SM, et al. Interactions between GH, IGFI, Glucocorticoids, and Thyroid Hormones during Skeletal Growth [J]. Pediatr Res, 2002, 52(2): 137147.
?。?9] Pantaleon M, Jericho H, Rabnott G, et al. The role of insulinlike growth factor II and its receptor in mouse preimplantation development [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2003, 15(12): 3745.
?。?0] Mohan S, Richman C, Guo R, et al. Insulinlike growth factor regulates peak bone mineral density in mice by both growth hormonedependent and independent mechanisms [J]. Endocrinology, 2003, 144(3): 929936.
[21] Sakai K, D’Ercole AJ, Murphy LJ, et al. Physiological differences in insulinlike growth factor binding protein1 (IGFBP1) phosphorylation in IGFBP1 transgenic mice [J]. Diabetes, 2001, 50(1): 3238.
?。?2] Frystyk J, Hojlund K, Nyborg Rasmussen KN, et al. Development and clinical evaluation of a novel immunoassay for the binary complex of IGFI and IGFbinding protein1 in human serum [J]. J Clin Endocri Met, 2002, 87(1): 260266.
[23] Hoeflich A, Wu M, Mohan S, et al. Overexpression of insulinlike growth factorbinding protein2 in transgenic mice reduces postnatal body weight gain [J]. Endocrinology, 1999, 140(12): 54885496.
?。?4] Yan X, Forbes BE, McNeil KA, et al. Role of N and Cterminal residues of insulinlike growth factor (IGF)binding protein3 in regulating IGF complex formation and receptor activation [J]. J Biol Chem, 2004, 17, 279(51): 5323253240.
?。?5] Zhou R, Diehl D, Hoeflich A, et al. IGFbinding protein4: biochemical characteristics and functional consequences [J]. J Endocrinol, 2003, 178(2): 177193.
[26] Miyakoshi N, Richman C, Kasukawa YJ, et al. Evidence that IGFbinding protein5 functions as a growth factor [J]. J Clin Invest, 2001, 107(1): 7381.
?。?7] Bienvenu G, Seurin D, Grellier P, et al. Insulinlike growth factor binding protein6 transgenic mice: postnatal growth, brain development, and reproduction abnormalities [J]. Endocrinology, 2004, 145(5): 24122420.
轉(zhuǎn)貼于 中國(guó)論文下載中心 http://www. 中國(guó)論文下載中心 http://www.