什么是英語自然拼讀法 (Phonics) 美國的孩子在一年級(jí)之前已經(jīng)掌握自然拼讀法了. 美國小孩都學(xué)自然拼讀法, 中國也在往那個(gè)方向走, 幾年之后, 應(yīng)該都是自然拼讀法了.
了解了自然拼讀法的發(fā)音規(guī)則后, 看到一個(gè)新單詞就能對(duì)它的讀音猜個(gè)八九不離十, 而且有利于記住拼寫.
自然拼讀法從簡到難的學(xué)習(xí)順序?yàn)?/font>:
1. 二十六個(gè)字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds).
l 其中五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)發(fā)兩種音, 其中一個(gè)音是其字母本身的讀音.
l y有時(shí)會(huì)被作為元音處理
n 單音節(jié)詞, y在末尾, y發(fā)”I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced
as“i”)): my, why, fly, sky
n 多音節(jié)詞, y在末尾, y發(fā)”E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced
as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby
2. 單元音單詞拼讀 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等.
l Beginning Consonants
l Ending Consonants
l One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
3. 雙元音單詞拼讀(Two Vowel Words):
一個(gè)單詞里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí), 前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)字母音, 后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音. 如: make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, five, tie, road, toe, cute等等.
4. 雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)的聯(lián)讀 (Consonant Blends)
l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn,
sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
l Words ending in ll, ss, ff
l Consonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr)
5. 特殊讀法(1) - 固定讀音的單詞(Sight Word):
the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等.
6. 特殊讀法(2) – 帶元音的特殊讀法(Irregular Vowels)
n 一個(gè)音節(jié)如只有一個(gè)元音, 且以此元音結(jié)尾, 這個(gè)元音發(fā)字母音 (vowel at the end). 如: baby, me, hi, go, humor 等等
n air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
n ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added)
n er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn),
n ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire
n oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn),
ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ould (would, could), oy (boy), ought, , ous (famous),
ow (讀音一:cow, now, how, bow; 讀音二:bow, snow),
n ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
n tion (attention), sion (expression_r),
n ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
7. 特殊讀法(3) – 輔音的特殊讀法
n 有一些輔音不發(fā)音 (silent consonants).
如: ghost, comb, lamb, write 等
n "c" 和 "k" 在一起時(shí), 發(fā)一個(gè)音: quick, black等.
n "q" 總是和"u"在一起:quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
n "p"和 "h"在一起, 發(fā)"f"的音: phone, photo.
n 復(fù)數(shù)s及末尾s的讀音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)
n c和g 的兩種讀音:
u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后邊, c發(fā)”s”的音, g發(fā)”j”的音:
center, cigar, gem, giant, gym
u 其他情況下, c, g 發(fā)其字母音: can, clap, cup, great, glad.
8. 多音節(jié)單詞和復(fù)合詞 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
n 多音節(jié)單詞: believe, multiple, syllable, compound
n 復(fù)合詞: homework, highway
在線學(xué)習(xí)的自然拼讀法 給個(gè)鏈接可以在線學(xué)習(xí)
http://www./n/level-a/learn-to-read/load.htm?f
截圖如下:
英文單詞的背法
每個(gè)英語單詞都要讀準(zhǔn),根據(jù)音節(jié)把它寫出來.英語單詞拼法基本上是有規(guī)律,比如 na-tion-al,t-ea tr-ee,讀得時(shí)候有心的分開每個(gè)音節(jié),然后寫下來,最后達(dá)到聽到一個(gè)單詞,可能并不知道它的意思,也可以拼個(gè)八九不離十水平,
可能有些小朋友會(huì)有些困難,但堅(jiān)持這種方法,過一段時(shí)間(半年)以后,一定會(huì)覺得每天背單詞需花一點(diǎn) 時(shí)間就夠了