寫作模板巧幫忙

議論文的論證方法多種多樣，有歸納法、推理法、對(duì)照法和駁論法。而不同觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型議論文常用的論證方法是對(duì)照法即對(duì)所有的事實(shí)、方面進(jìn)行對(duì)照，然后加以分析，得出結(jié)論。所以此類文章有其約定俗成的寫作模板即：一、問題的提出（雙方就某一問題有不同的看法）；二、正面論述（同意此問題的人陳述支持的理由）；三、反面論述（持有相反觀點(diǎn)的人陳述反對(duì)的理由）；四、得出結(jié)論（結(jié)合雙方的觀點(diǎn)得出一個(gè)客觀公正的結(jié)論）。

寫作時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)：（1）注意漢語式思維方式對(duì)英語寫作的影響，學(xué)會(huì)用英語式思維方式進(jìn)行思考，盡量使用地道英語句式結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）注意多使用一些連接詞，使整個(gè)文章如行云流水，讓人賞心悅目。

【典型例題】

最近你班舉行了一場關(guān)于“動(dòng)物園里籠養(yǎng)動(dòng)物好不好的討論”。假如你是李華，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，用英語將討論的結(jié)果向某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)投稿，并陳述你的觀點(diǎn)。

【思路分析】

此文一看便知是我們談到的不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型議論文，根據(jù)此類文章的約定俗成的框架結(jié)構(gòu)我們分析如下：文章的第一部分即議題的提出部分已給出；重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放正面論述、反面論述以及得出結(jié)論三個(gè)部分；確定文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)后對(duì)本文的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，語言詳略得當(dāng)，生動(dòng)得體；注意在行文時(shí)恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^渡詞，為整篇文章增加亮色。

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we held on whether it is good to keep animals in zoos. There are two different opinions about it.

Some students are in favor of it. Firstly, they think it provides chances for people to see wild animals. Secondly, it might develop people’s love for animals and nature. Besides, animals in zoos can be protected from dangers in the wild. Students, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some students are against the idea. For one thing, they think that it is a waste of time and labor to keep animals in zoos. For another, it will damage the balance of nature. What is more, animals will lose their freedom if caged in zoos.

In my opinion, whether it is good to keep animals in zoos just depends. If it is really good for the protection of some endangered animals, maybe it is good to keep these animals in zoos. But if it is just to meet the demand of people, I totally disagree with it.

通過以上分析，我們可以總結(jié)出不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型議論文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)或者說寫作模板：

Recently, … have had a heated discussion on whether … or not. Different people have different opinions about it (There are two different opinions about it / Their views mainly fall into two groups).

Some think it necessary (some are in favor of it). Firstly,         . Secondly,       . What’s more / besides / what’s worse / also / to make the matter worse,             . However / on the contrary, … differ in their opinions on this matter. Some think it unnecessary / some don’t think so / some are against it. For one thing,           . For another,          .

In my opinion (As far as I am concerned), whether … or not just depends          .

溫馨提示：除了掌握文章的寫作模板之外，了解以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)于學(xué)好英語以及提高英語寫作水平都大有裨益：

1. 注意英美人與中國人思維方式的不同。英美人思維方式是直線式，他們?cè)谇苍~造句謀篇上遵循著從一般（general）到具體（specific），從概括（summarize）到舉例（exemplify），從整體（whole）到個(gè)體（respective）原則。不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型議論文的寫作模板是先表明支持或反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)，然后再陳述支持或反對(duì)的理由。

2. 注意英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)的不同。英語重形和，漢語重意和。英語句子中如果少了連接詞如firstly, secondly, what’s more, in my opinion, or, but, if, so, because, so that，所要表達(dá)意思就支離破碎了，而漢語沒連接詞，只從句子本身意思就可以把概念或關(guān)系表達(dá)清楚。

3. 如果句子清一色是簡單句，文章必定很單調(diào)乏味。如果全篇充滿了冗長的復(fù)雜句，讀起來也很費(fèi)力。最好的方法是以簡單句為基礎(chǔ)，配合適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘芯浜蛷?fù)雜句。簡單句可長可短，通常要加些附屬成分，如分詞短語、介詞短語、副詞短語、不定式動(dòng)詞短語等來為文章增添亮色。

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】

三班的同學(xué)進(jìn)行了一場有關(guān)英語學(xué)習(xí)的討論。討論的題目是：學(xué)習(xí)英語要不要從兒童時(shí)期開始？請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表中的提示寫一篇短文，介紹討論的情況以及你個(gè)人的看法。

參考詞匯：基礎(chǔ)foundation；漢語拼音 Chinese pinyin

(One possible version)

The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Their opinions fall into two groups.

Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. First of all, as little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. What’s more, learning English from childhood will help them lay a solid foundation for their future learning. However, others totally disagree with it. For one thing, children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy to mix them up. Furthermore, learning English too early will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning.

As far as I am concerned, whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood just depends. If some children show great interest in learning English, it is necessary for them to learn English. Those children who are tired of learning English should not be forced to learn English.