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一、考查as原級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)及插入名詞的位置問(wèn)題 典型命題: 1. Our neighbour has ______ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 2. John plays football______, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 解析:一般來(lái)講,形容詞、副詞原級(jí)比較的結(jié)構(gòu)為“...(not) as (so)+adj./adv.+as...”表示前者與后者一樣/不一樣。如果中間有名詞,其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“... as+adj.+a(n)+名詞+as...”。 真題直練 1. It is generally believed that teaching is ______it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 2. She doesn't speak ______her friend, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 3. The piano in the other shop will be ______, but ______. A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good 4. After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for ______an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as Key:1—4 DACA 二、考查as構(gòu)成的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 典型命題: The house rent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I am paying______ here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much 解析:如果表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí),“……倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as…… ”為一常用結(jié)構(gòu)。 真題直練 1. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many as twice C. as twice as many D. twice as many 2. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced______ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as Key:1—2 DC 三、考查充當(dāng)連詞的as 典型命題: 1. ______, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. A. As long as I have travelled B. Now that I have travelled so much C. Much as I have travelled D. As I have travelled so much 解析:此題中as引導(dǎo)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示讓步關(guān)系,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“……as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+……”。 特別提示:使用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):1)倒裝的部分一般為表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞原形。 2)表語(yǔ)是不帶定語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其前面的a(an)要省去;3)倒裝的動(dòng)詞原形常與may,might,will,would等詞連用,但這些詞都要保留在原來(lái)位置上。如: Child as he is, he speaks English well.他雖是個(gè)孩子,但英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。 Much as I like the book, but I have no money to buy it.雖然我非常喜歡這本書(shū),但我卻沒(méi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)。 Try as he might, Tom could not find a job.不管怎樣努力,湯姆還是找不到一份工作。 2. Mother was worried because little A. as B. that C. during D. if 解析:此題中as充當(dāng)從屬連詞,作“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”解,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。在使用as時(shí)應(yīng)注意其與while和when的區(qū)別:1)while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,為“在……期間”之意。如:While I was reading letters last night, he was watching TV. 昨晚我看信時(shí),他在看電視。 2)when可用來(lái)表示一段時(shí)間,意為“在……期間”,與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;也可用來(lái)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如:I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises. 他做練習(xí)時(shí)我睡著了。 When he came into the classroom, I was reading. 他走進(jìn)教室時(shí)我正在看書(shū)。 真題直練 1. ______, he doesn't study well. A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is 2. ______, he was unable to make much progress. A. Hard as he try B. Hard as he tried C. As he tried hard D. He tried hard Key:1—2 CB 四、考查as構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ) 典型命題 ①________ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While ②—How far apart do they live? —________ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as 解析:固定短語(yǔ)as long as, as far as用作連詞,其意義分別為“只要”,“就……而言”,用以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 特別提示:as相關(guān)短語(yǔ): 1. as a matter of fact 實(shí)際上 2. as a result of 結(jié)果 3. as for 至于;關(guān)于 4. as soon as 一……就…… 5. as many as 和……一樣多 6. as much as 盡……那么多 7. as possible as 盡可能…… 8. as to 至于 9. as well as 又;也 真題直練 1. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken Key: 1—2 B C 五、考查as充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞 典型命題 ①________ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What ② These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 解析:as充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中as常作主語(yǔ)等句子成分。在這種情況下,as指的是前面或后面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。注意: 1) 在使用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)與it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái),it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:It+be+形容詞...that...,其間不要加“,”。例如:句①可改為“It has been announced that we...” 2) 充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),先行詞前常有such, the same與之相呼應(yīng),構(gòu)成such...as, the same...as句型,as表示“正如……那樣”的意思。 特別提示:as與which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: 1) as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句通常修飾前面整個(gè)句子。在定語(yǔ)從句中,as除了能充當(dāng)一定的句子成分外,還具有“正如(像)……;由……可知”等意思。 2) which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其從句常是對(duì)主句中某一名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在句首、句中或句末,而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常置于句中或句末。例如:The book of yours, which I finished reading last night, was very interesting. 昨晚我讀完的你的那本書(shū)很有趣。As was expected, he performed the task successfully. 正如人們所期望的那樣,他成功地完成了那項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 真題直練 1. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D.What 2. ________ is known to all, A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing 3. He doesn't believe ________things ________ you do. A. the same; as B. the same; with C. as same; as D. as same; with 4. ________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It Key: 1—4 BCAB 正確解分詞題的關(guān)鍵在于找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)名詞,把握主動(dòng)被動(dòng)。如果該分詞與相關(guān)名詞有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用現(xiàn)在分詞;如是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用過(guò)去分詞。 1. 當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其相關(guān)名詞是被修飾的名詞。 例1. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 分析:空格至language是定語(yǔ)修飾textbooks, write與textbooks在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞,答案是D。 說(shuō)明:由于后有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“在十六世紀(jì)”,故“寫(xiě)”的動(dòng)作已完成,不能用表將來(lái)的不定式被動(dòng)式B項(xiàng)或表現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式C項(xiàng)。 例 2. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 分析:空格至wall是定語(yǔ)修飾picture, hang與picture在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,答案是B。 說(shuō)明:圖畫(huà)掛在墻上是一種狀態(tài),而D項(xiàng)的being hung表示正在被掛上去的動(dòng)作,故為錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。 2.當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí),其相關(guān)名詞是句子的主語(yǔ)。 例 3. The film was really ________. We were greatly ________ while seeing it. A. moving; moving B. moved; moved C. moving; moved D. moved; moving 分析:本題兩個(gè)分詞均在連系動(dòng)詞之后,故均為表語(yǔ)。film與move在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故第一個(gè)空用現(xiàn)在分詞,表“電影令人感動(dòng)”。We與move在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故第二個(gè)空用過(guò)去分詞,表“我們深為感動(dòng)”,答案是C。 3. 當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其相關(guān)名詞是句子的主語(yǔ)。 例 4. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hopingC. to hope D. hope 分析:根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu),空格處是狀語(yǔ)。hope與主語(yǔ)He在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,答案是B。 說(shuō)明:空格前面有逗號(hào),故空格處作狀語(yǔ),不能選hoped作狀語(yǔ)。 例 5. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 分析:空格處至1636是狀語(yǔ),found與句子主語(yǔ)Harvard在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞,答案是C。 說(shuō)明:1636后是逗號(hào)而不是句號(hào),也沒(méi)有連詞and,故開(kāi)頭部分不是句子,B為錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。 例 6. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 分析:本題含有so...that引起的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是nothing, begin與nothing在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞,答案是D。 例7. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 分析:空格處至結(jié)束是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。本題中與make相關(guān)的不是一個(gè)名詞而是European football is played in 80 countries這件事,它們二者在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,答案是A。 說(shuō)明:空格前面是逗號(hào),沒(méi)有關(guān)系代詞which,故不能用作謂語(yǔ)的makes,也不能用作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式,B、D為錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。 4. 當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),其相關(guān)名詞是賓語(yǔ)。 例 8. The next morning she found the man ________ in bed, dead. A. lying B. to lie C. lay D. laying 分析:本題中lie作賓補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)the man的狀態(tài),且它與the man在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,答案是A。 說(shuō)明:根據(jù)本題句意,那人當(dāng)時(shí)正躺在床上,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),B為錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。 例9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 分析:本題中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,see的賓語(yǔ)是that(指the plan),它與carry out在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),答案是C。 5. 當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),其相關(guān)名詞是句子的主語(yǔ)。 例 10. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 分析:由于if從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故空格處是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)he的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),smoke與he在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,答案是B。 說(shuō)明:注意前面的immediately,它強(qiáng)調(diào)了立即被解雇,則抽煙應(yīng)該當(dāng)時(shí)被發(fā)現(xiàn),故不能用表示動(dòng)作過(guò)程的不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),C為錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。 |
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