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在沒有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情況下,因需要在service(or Dao)層里把session關(guān)閉,所以lazy loading 為true的話,要在應(yīng)用層內(nèi)把關(guān)系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否則Hibernate拋session already closed Exception。 Open Session In View提供了一種簡便的方法,較好地解決了lazy loading問題。它有兩種配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具體參看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一個在web.xml配置,另一個在application.xml配置而已。 Open Session In View在request把session綁定到當(dāng)前thread期間一直保持hibernate session在open狀態(tài),使session在request的整個期間都可以使用,如在View層里PO也可以lazy loading數(shù)據(jù),如 ${ company.employees }。當(dāng)View 層邏輯完成后,才會通過Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自動關(guān)閉session。 OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置: <beans> <bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory"/> </property> </bean> <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="interceptors"> <list> <ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/> </list> </property> <property name="mappings"> ...... </property> </bean> ...... </beans>
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置: <web-app> ...... <filter> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter </filter-class> <!-- singleSession默認(rèn)為true,若設(shè)為false則等于沒用OpenSessionInView --> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> ...... <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> ...... </web-app>
很多人在使用OpenSessionInView過程中提及一個錯誤: org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into FlushMode.AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition 看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的幾個方法: protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory(); logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); Session session = getSession(sessionFactory); TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource( sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session)); try { filterChain.doFilter(request, response); }finally { TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory); logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); closeSession(session, sessionFactory); } }
protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws DataAccessResourceFailureException { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true); session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER); return session; }
protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException { SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory); }
可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的時候,會把獲取回來的session的flush mode 設(shè)為FlushMode.NEVER。然后把該sessionFactory綁定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整個過程都使用同一個session,在請求過后再接除該sessionFactory的綁定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根據(jù)該session是否已和transaction綁定來決定是否關(guān)閉session。在這個過程中,若HibernateTemplate 發(fā)現(xiàn)自當(dāng)前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就會獲取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法擁有寫權(quán)限。
public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException { if (session == null || TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)){ return; } logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session"); try { session.close(); }catch (JDBCException ex) { // SQLException underneath throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException()); }catch (HibernateException ex) { throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex); } } 也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER轉(zhuǎn)為Flush.AUTO,擁有insert,update,delete操作權(quán)限,如果沒有transaction,并且沒有另外人為地設(shè)flush model的話,則doFilter的整個過程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保護(hù)的方法有寫權(quán)限,沒受保護(hù)的則沒有。 采用spring的事務(wù)聲明,使方法受transaction控制 <bean id="baseTransaction" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/> <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
對于上例,則以save,add,update,remove開頭的方法擁有可寫的事務(wù),如果當(dāng)前有某個方法,如命名為importExcel(),則因沒有transaction而沒有寫權(quán)限,這時若方法內(nèi)有insert,update,delete操作的話,則需要手動設(shè)置flush model為Flush.AUTO,如: session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO); session.save(user); session.flush(); 盡管Open Session In View看起來還不錯,其實(shí)副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代碼,這個方法實(shí)際上是被父類的doFilter調(diào)用的,因此,我們可以大約了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter調(diào)用流程: request(請求)->open session并開始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->結(jié)束transaction并close session。 一切看起來很正確,尤其是在本地開發(fā)測試的時候沒出現(xiàn)問題,但試想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的話,那在這期間connection就一直被占用而不釋放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在寫Jsp這步,一方面可能是頁面內(nèi)容大,response.write的時間長,另一方面可能是網(wǎng)速慢,服務(wù)器與用戶間傳輸時間久。當(dāng)大量這樣的情況出現(xiàn)時,就有連接池連接不足,造成頁面假死現(xiàn)象。
[Open Session In View是個雙刃劍,放在公網(wǎng)上內(nèi)容多流量大的網(wǎng)站請慎用]
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