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svn命令通常都有幫助,如果你不知道命令怎么用,可以很方便獲取幫助信息。比如有一個(gè)命令svn,但是不知道它有哪些子命令,可通過如下方式查詢: $ svn help 知道了子命令,但是不知道子命令的用法,還可以查詢: $ svn help add 另外,可能你需要設(shè)置svn commit的message編輯器,這可以通過定義環(huán)境變量SVN_EDITOR或者VISUAL或者EDITOR處理,比如: $ export SVN_EDITOR=/bin/vi 本文以https來存取版本庫,其他方式(比如file:///, svn://, http://, svn+ssh://等)操作基本是一樣的。 開發(fā)人員常用命令 (1) 導(dǎo)入項(xiàng)目 $ cd ~/project
$ mkdir -p svntest/{trunk,branches,tags}
$ svn import svntest https://localhost/test/svntest --message "Start project"
...
$ rm -rf svntest
我們新建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目svntest,在該項(xiàng)目下新建三個(gè)子目錄:trunk,開發(fā)主干;branches,開發(fā)分支;tags,開發(fā)階段性標(biāo)簽。然后導(dǎo)入到版本庫test下,然后把svntest拿掉。 (2) 導(dǎo)出項(xiàng)目 $ svn checkout https://localhost/test/svntest/trunk 修訂版本號(hào)的指定方式是每個(gè)開發(fā)人員必須了解的,以下是幾個(gè)參考例子,說明可參考svn推薦書。 $ svn diff --revision PREV:COMMITTED foo.c
# shows the last change committed to foo.c
$ svn log --revision HEAD
# shows log message for the latest repository commit
$ svn diff --revision HEAD
# compares your working file (with local changes) to the latest version
# in the repository
$ svn diff --revision BASE:HEAD foo.c
# compares your “pristine” foo.c (no local changes) with the
# latest version in the repository
$ svn log --revision BASE:HEAD
# shows all commit logs since you last updated
$ svn update --revision PREV foo.c
# rewinds the last change on foo.c
# (foo.c‘s working revision is decreased)
$ svn checkout --revision 3
# specified with revision number
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17}
$ svn checkout --revision {15:30}
$ svn checkout --revision {15:30:00.200000}
$ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30"}
$ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30 +0230"}
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30}
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30Z}
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30-04:00}
$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530}
$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530Z}
$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530-0500}
(3) 日常指令 $ svn update $ svn add foo.file $ svn add foo1.dir $ svn add foo2.dir --non-recursive $ svn delete README $ svn copy foo bar $ svn move foo1 bar1 $ svn status $ svn status --verbose $ svn status --verbose --show-updates $ svn status stuff/fox.c $ svn diff $ svn diff > patchfile $ svn revert README $ svn revert 修改沖突發(fā)生時(shí),會(huì)生成三個(gè)文件:.mine, .rOLDREV, .rNEWREV。比如: $ ls -l sandwich.txt sandwich.txt.mine sandwich.txt.r1 sandwich.txt.r2 解決修改沖突方式之一:修改沖突的文件sandwich.txt,然后運(yùn)行命令: $ svn resolved sandwich.txt 方式之二:用庫里的新版本覆蓋你的修改: $ cp sandwich.txt.r2 sandwich.txt $ svn resolved sandwich.txt 方式之三:撤銷你的修改,這種方式不需要運(yùn)行resolved子命令: $ svn revert sandwich.txt Reverted ‘sandwich.txt‘ $ ls sandwich.* sandwich.txt 確保沒問題后,就可以提交了。 $ svn commit --message "Correct some fatal problems" $ svn commit --file logmsg $ svn commit (4) 檢驗(yàn)版本歷史 $ svn log $ svn log --revision 5:19 $ svn log foo.c $ svn log -r 8 -v $ svn diff $ svn diff --revision 3 rules.txt $ svn diff --revision 2:3 rules.txt $ svn diff --revision 4:5 http://svn./repos/example/trunk/text/rules.txt $ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt $ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt > rules.txt.v2 $ svn list http://svn./repos/svn $ svn list --verbose http://svn./repos/svn $ svn checkout --revision 1729 # Checks out a new working copy at r1729 … $ svn update --revision 1729 # Updates an existing working copy to r1729 … (5) 其他有用的命令 svn cleanup 為失敗的事務(wù)清場(chǎng)。 (6) 分支和合并 建立分支方法一:先checkout然后做拷貝,最后提交拷貝。 $ svn checkout http://svn./repos/calc bigwc A bigwc/trunk/ A bigwc/trunk/Makefile A bigwc/trunk/integer.c A bigwc/trunk/button.c A bigwc/branches/ Checked out revision 340. $ cd bigwc $ svn copy trunk branches/my-calc-branch $ svn status A + branches/my-calc-branch $ svn commit -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk." Adding branches/my-calc-branch Committed revision 341. 建立分支方法二:直接遠(yuǎn)程拷貝。 $ svn copy http://svn./repos/calc/trunk http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk." Committed revision 341. 建立分支后,你可以把分支checkout并繼續(xù)你的開發(fā)。 $ svn checkout http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch 假設(shè)你已經(jīng)checkout了主干,現(xiàn)在想切換到某個(gè)分支開發(fā),可做如下的操作: $ cd calc $ svn info | grep URL URL: http://svn./repos/calc/trunk $ svn switch http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch U integer.c U button.c U Makefile Updated to revision 341. $ svn info | grep URL URL: http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch 合并文件的命令參考: $ svn diff -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk $ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk $ svn commit -m "integer.c: ported r344 (spelling fixes) from trunk." $ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk my-calc-branch $ svn merge http://svn./repos/branch1@150 http://svn./repos/branch2@212 my-working-copy $ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn./repos/trunk my-working-copy $ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn./repos/trunk $ svn merge --dry-run -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk 最后一條命令僅僅做合并測(cè)試,并不執(zhí)行合并操作。 建立標(biāo)簽和建立分支沒什么區(qū)別,不過是拷貝到不同的目錄而已。 $ svn copy http://svn./repos/calc/trunk http://svn./repos/calc/tags/release-1.0 -m "Tagging the 1.0 release of the ‘calc‘ project." $ ls my-working-copy/ $ svn copy my-working-copy http://svn./repos/calc/tags/mytag Committed revision 352. 后一種方式直接把本地的工作拷貝復(fù)制為標(biāo)簽。 此外,你還可以刪除某個(gè)分支。 $ svn delete http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch -m "Removing obsolete branch of calc project." 管理人員常用命令 (7) 版本庫管理 $ svnadmin help ... $ svnadmin help create ... $ svnadmin create --fs-type bdb /usr/local/repository/svn/test $ chown -R svn.svn /usr/local/repository/svn/test 建立版本庫,庫類型為bdb(使用Berkeley DB做倉庫),庫名稱為test。 (8) 查詢版本庫信息 $ svnlook help ... $ svnlook help tree ... $ svnlook tree /usr/local/repository/svn/test --show-ids ... 更詳細(xì)的命令,請(qǐng)參考SVN官方推薦的書(http://svnbook./)。這本書有中譯版,而且是免費(fèi)的。 |
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