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Data Access Application Block提供了通用的數(shù)據(jù)訪問的功能,隨著2.0版本的推出有了很大變化。 一.改進(jìn) 在DAAB1.1里面我們知道Database方法返回或者創(chuàng)建一個(gè)DBCommandWrapper對(duì)象,而在DAAB2.0里面移除了DBCommandWrapper類,用ADO.NET2.0里面的DBCommand類代替實(shí)現(xiàn)類似的功能,這樣使得DAAB跟我們的.NET類庫的結(jié)合更加緊密,回憶一下我們?cè)?span lang=EN-US>1.1里面用DBCommandWrapper來訪問數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的代碼: Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() DBCommandWrapper dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommandWrapper("GetProductsByCategory");![]() dbCommand.AddInParameter("CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);![]() DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);而用了新的DBCommand類之后則變成了: Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory"); ![]() db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);![]() DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串在我們基于數(shù)據(jù)庫的開發(fā)永遠(yuǎn)是少不了的,但是在DAAB1.1下,它所使用的字符串跟我們?cè)?span lang=EN-US>.NET類庫中使用的連接字符串卻是不能共享的,它們分別保存在不同的位置。而在2.0的Data Access Application Block使用了ADO.NET2.0里面<connectionStrings>配置區(qū),這樣帶來的一個(gè)好處是連接字符串可以在Application Block和自定義的.NET類之間共享使用該配置區(qū),如: <connectionStrings> <add name="DataAccessQuickStart" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="server=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;database=EntLibQuickStarts;Integrated Security=true" /> </connectionStrings>在.NET2.0下,泛型編程已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)核心,而2.0版的DAAB中也新增了一個(gè)GenericDatabase對(duì)象。DAAB中雖然已經(jīng)包含了SqlDatabase和OrcaleDatabase,但是如果我們需要使用其他的像DB2等數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí),就需要用到GenericDatabase,它可以用于任何.NET類庫中的數(shù)據(jù)提供者,包括OdbcProvider和OleDbProvider。 二.使用示例 DAAB2.0的配置非常簡(jiǎn)單,主要有以下幾方面的配置: 配置連接字符串
配置默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫
添加相關(guān)的命名空間: using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data; using System.Data;使用Data Access Application Block進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的讀取和操作,一般分為三步: 1.創(chuàng)建Database對(duì)象 2.提供命令參數(shù),如果需要的話 3.執(zhí)行命令 下面分別看一下DataAccessQuickStart中提供的一些例子: 執(zhí)行靜態(tài)的SQL語句 public string GetCustomerList()![]() ![]() { // 創(chuàng)建Database對(duì)象 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); // 使用SQL語句創(chuàng)建DbCommand對(duì)象 string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, Name, Address, City, Country, PostalCode " + "From Customers"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);![]() StringBuilder readerData = new StringBuilder();![]() // 調(diào)用ExecuteReader方法 using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand))![]() ![]() { while (dataReader.Read())![]() { // Get the value of the ‘Name‘ column in the DataReader readerData.Append(dataReader["Name"]); readerData.Append(Environment.NewLine); } }![]() return readerData.ToString(); }執(zhí)行存儲(chǔ)過程并傳遞參數(shù),返回DataSet public DataSet GetProductsInCategory(int Category)![]() ![]() { // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() string sqlCommand = "GetProductsByCategory"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() // Retrieve products from the specified category. db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);![]() // DataSet that will hold the returned results DataSet productsDataSet = null;![]() productsDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);![]() // Note: connection was closed by ExecuteDataSet method call ![]() return productsDataSet; }利用DataSet更新數(shù)據(jù) public int UpdateProducts()![]() ![]() { // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() DataSet productsDataSet = new DataSet();![]() string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " + "From Products"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);![]() string productsTable = "Products";![]() // Retrieve the initial data db.LoadDataSet(dbCommand, productsDataSet, productsTable);![]() // Get the table that will be modified DataTable table = productsDataSet.Tables[productsTable];![]() // Add a new product to existing DataSet![]() DataRow addedRow = table.Rows.Add(new object[] {DBNull.Value, "New product", 11, 25});![]() // Modify an existing product table.Rows[0]["ProductName"] = "Modified product";![]() // Establish our Insert, Delete, and Update commands DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct"); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current);![]() DbCommand deleteCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("DeleteProduct"); db.AddInParameter(deleteCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current);![]() DbCommand updateCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("UpdateProduct"); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "LastUpdate", DbType.DateTime, "LastUpdate", DataRowVersion.Current);![]() // Submit the DataSet, capturing the number of rows that were affected int rowsAffected = db.UpdateDataSet(productsDataSet, "Products", insertCommand, updateCommand, deleteCommand, UpdateBehavior.Standard);![]() return rowsAffected;![]() }通過ID獲取記錄詳細(xì)信息 public string GetProductDetails(int productID)![]() ![]() { // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() // Add paramters // Input parameters can specify the input value db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, productID); // Output parameters specify the size of the return data db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8);![]() db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);![]() // Row of data is captured via output parameters string results = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0}, {1}, {2:C} ", db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductID"), db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductName"), db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "UnitPrice"));![]() return results; }以XML格式返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) public string GetProductList()![]() ![]() { // Use a named database instance that refers to a SQL Server database. SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase() as SqlDatabase;![]() // Use "FOR XML AUTO" to have SQL return XML data string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " + "From Products FOR XML AUTO"; DbCommand dbCommand = dbSQL.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);![]() XmlReader productsReader = null; StringBuilder productList = new StringBuilder();![]() try![]() { productsReader = dbSQL.ExecuteXmlReader(dbCommand);![]() // Iterate through the XmlReader and put the data into our results. while (!productsReader.EOF)![]() { if (productsReader.IsStartElement())![]() { productList.Append(productsReader.ReadOuterXml()); productList.Append(Environment.NewLine); } } } finally![]() { // Close the Reader. if (productsReader != null)![]() { productsReader.Close(); } // Explicitly close the connection. The connection is not closed // when the XmlReader is closed. if (dbCommand.Connection != null)![]() { dbCommand.Connection.Close(); } }![]() return productList.ToString(); }使用事務(wù) public bool Transfer(int transactionAmount, int sourceAccount, int destinationAccount)![]() ![]() { bool result = false; // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() // Two operations, one to credit an account, and one to debit another // account. string sqlCommand = "CreditAccount"; DbCommand creditCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, sourceAccount); db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);![]() sqlCommand = "DebitAccount"; DbCommand debitCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, destinationAccount); db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);![]() using (DbConnection connection = db.CreateConnection())![]() { connection.Open(); DbTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction();![]() try![]() { // Credit the first account db.ExecuteNonQuery(creditCommand, transaction); // Debit the second account db.ExecuteNonQuery(debitCommand, transaction);![]() // Commit the transaction transaction.Commit(); result = true; } catch![]() { // Rollback transaction transaction.Rollback(); } connection.Close(); return result; } }三.常見功能 1.創(chuàng)建Database對(duì)象 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)默認(rèn)的Database對(duì)象 Database dbSvc = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫在配置文件中: <dataConfiguration defaultDatabase="DataAccessQuickStart" />創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)例Database對(duì)象 // Use a named database instance that refers to an arbitrary database type, // which is determined by configuration information. Database myDb = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart");創(chuàng)建一個(gè)具體的類型的數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)象 // Create a SQL database. SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart") as SqlDatabase;2.創(chuàng)建DbCommand對(duì)象 靜態(tài)的SQL語句創(chuàng)建一個(gè)DbCommand Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, LastName, FirstName From Customers"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);存儲(chǔ)過程創(chuàng)建一個(gè)DbCommand Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory");3.管理對(duì)象 當(dāng)連接對(duì)象打開后,不需要再次連接 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName From Products"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); // No need to open the connection; just make the call. DataSet customerDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);使用Using及早釋放對(duì)象 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand("Select Name, Address From Customers"); using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand))![]() ![]() { // Process results }4.參數(shù)處理 Database類提供了如下的方法,用于參數(shù)的處理: AddParameter. 傳遞參數(shù)給存儲(chǔ)過程 使用示例如下: Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand); db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, 5); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8); Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct"); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current);四.使用場(chǎng)景 DAAB2.0是對(duì)ADO.NET2.0的補(bǔ)充,它允許你使用相同的數(shù)據(jù)訪問代碼來支持不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫,您通過改變配置文件就在不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫之間切換。目前雖然只提供SQLServer和Oracle的支持,但是可以通過GenericDatabase和ADO.NET 2.0下的DbProviderFactory對(duì)象來增加對(duì)其他數(shù)據(jù)庫的支持。如果想要編寫出來的數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問程序具有更好的移植性,則DAAB2.0是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,但是如果您想要針對(duì)特定數(shù)據(jù)庫的特性進(jìn)行編程,就要用ADO.NET了。 參考:Enterprise Libaray –January 2006幫助文檔及QuickStart |
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